Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Considerations
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Unprotected airway & remote location
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Significant physiological changes:
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CNS: ↑ cerebral blood flow & O2 consumption, ↑ICP
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Cardiovascular:
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Initial phase (parasympathetic): bradycardia, hypotension
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Later phase (sympathetic): tachycardia, dysrhythmia, HTN, ↑ systemic & myocardial O2 consumption
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↑ IOP, ↑ intragastric pressure
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Transient apnea/hypoventilation
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Contraindications:
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Absolute: Pheochromocytoma, MI <3 months, Recent CVA <1 month
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Relative: ↑ICP, Severe cardiac disease (conduction defects, poorly controlled CHF/IHD), Aortic & cerebral aneurysms, High-risk pregnancy
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Co-morbid disease in patients with mental illness; often elderly
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Use of concurrent medications (TCAs, MAOIs, etc)
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Need for brief motor relaxation to prevent physical harm to patient
Goals
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Amnesia
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Prevention of physical injury
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Control of hemodynamic changes
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Rapid recovery
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Minimal interference with seizure activity:
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If available, methohexital superior to propofol
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If propofol interfering with seizure activity: consider reducing dose, adding remifentanil or etomidate
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Conflicts
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“Full stomach”: use NDMR to intubate & reverse
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Hx pseudocholinesterase deficiency/MH: use NDMR & reverse
Pregnancy Considerations
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NOT contraindicated
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Obtain obstetrical consultation & plan for fetal monitoring
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Aspiration prophylaxis & consider intubation if >20 weeks GA
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Resources readily accessible in event of neonatal or obstetrical emergency